@article {bnh-8366,
	title = {Physics-based modelling of junction fires: Parametric study},
	journal = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
	year = {2023},
	month = {02/2023},
	abstract = {<p>Background; Junction fires occur when two fire fronts merge. The ROS and HRR of the junction quickly increase more than that of each fire front; this effect is exacerbated by slopes. Aims; Numerical modelling of junction fires and an interpretation of their behaviour is given by examining the key factors that influence the fires. Methods; Physics-based simulations of laboratory-scale junction fires were performed for shrub fuel bed using FIRESTAR3D. Twenty cases were simulated to quantify the effect of slope (0{\textdegree} to 40{\textdegree}) and junction angles (15{\textdegree} to 90{\textdegree}). Key results; Accelerative and decelerative behaviours were observed for junction angles lower than 45{\textdegree}, but above this, deceleration was absent. The behaviour was firmly related to junction angle evolution which controlled the flame and the interactions between fire fronts. HRR followed similar trends; maximum HRR increased with increasing junction angle. Convection was found to be the primary heat transfer mode in the initial propagation phase. In non-slope cases, radiation was the dominant method of heat transfer, but convection dominated fires on slopes. Conclusions; The physics-based model provided great insight into junction fire behaviour. The junction angle was critical for determining ROS and fire behaviour. Implications; The research helped to assess the effects of some topographical parameters in extreme fires. Situational awareness, operational predictions, and firefighter safety will consequently improve.</p>},
	keywords = {fire behavior, physics-based model},
	url = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/WF/justaccepted/WF22121},
	author = {Ahmed Hassan and Gilbert Accary and Duncan Sutherland and Khalid Moinuddin}
}
